chainerx.ndarray

class chainerx.ndarray(shape, dtype, device=None)

Multi-dimensional array, the central data structure of ChainerX.

This class, along with other APIs in the chainerx module, provides a subset of NumPy APIs. This class works similar to numpy.ndarray, except for some differences including the following noticeable points:

Parameters
  • shape (tuple of ints) – Shape of the new array.

  • dtype – Data type.

  • device (Device) – Device on which the array is allocated. If omitted, the default device is chosen.

See also

numpy.ndarray

Methods

__getitem__(key)

___getitem__(self, key) Returns self[key].

Note

Currently, only basic indexing is supported not advanced indexing.

__setitem__(key, value)
__len__()

Returns the length of the first axis.

all()
any()
argmax(axis=None)

Returns the indices of the maximum elements along a given axis.

See chainerx.argmax() for the full documentation.

argmin(axis=None)

Returns the indices of the minimum elements along a given axis.

See chainerx.argmin() for the full documentation.

as_grad_stopped(copy=False)

Creates a view or a copy of the array that stops gradient propagation.

This method behaves similar to view() and copy(), except that the gradient is not propagated through this operation (internally, this method creates a copy or view of the array without connecting the computational graph for backprop).

Parameters

copy (bool) – If True, it copies the array. Otherwise, it returns a view of the original array.

Returns

A view or a copy of the array without propagating the gradient on backprop.

Return type

ndarray

astype(dtype, copy=True)

Casts each element to the specified data type.

Parameters
  • dtype – Data type of the new array.

  • copy (bool) – If True, this method always copies the data. Otherwise, it creates a view of the array if possible.

Returns

An array with the specified dtype.

Return type

ndarray

backward(backprop_id=None, enable_double_backprop=False)

Performs backpropagation starting from this array.

This method is equivalent to chainerx.backward([self], *args). See chainerx.backward() for the full documentation.

cleargrad()

Clears the gradient held by this array.

clip(a_min, a_max)

Returns an array with values limited to [a_min, a_max].

See also

chainerx.clip() for full documentation, numpy.ndarray.clip()

copy()

Creates an array and copies all the elements to it.

The copied array is allocated on the same device as self.

See also

chainerx.copy()

dot(b)

Returns the dot product with a given array.

See chainerx.dot() for the full documentation.

fill(value)

Fills the array with a scalar value in place.

Parameters

value – Scalar value with which the array will be filled.

flatten()
get_grad()

Returns the gradient held by the array.

If the gradient is not available, it returns None.

is_backprop_required()

Returns True if gradient propagates through this array on backprop.

See the note on require_grad() for details.

is_grad_required()

Returns True if the gradient will be set after backprop.

See the note on require_grad() for details.

item()

Copies an element of an array to a standard Python scalar and returns it.

Returns

A copy of the specified element of the array as a suitable Python scalar.

Return type

z

See also

numpy.item()

max(axis=None, keepdims=False)

Returns the maximum along a given axis.

See chainerx.amax() for the full documentation.

mean()
min(axis=None, keepdims=False)

Returns the minimum along a given axis.

See chainerx.amin() for the full documentation.

ravel()
repeat(repeats, axis=None)

Constructs an array by repeating a given array.

See chainerx.repeats() for the full documentation.

require_grad()

Declares that a gradient for this array will be made available after backprop.

Once calling this method, any operations applied to this array are recorded for later backprop. After backprop, the grad attribute holds the gradient array.

Note

ChainerX distinguishes gradient requirements and backprop requirements strictly. They are strongly related, but different concepts as follows.

  • Gradient requirement indicates that the gradient array should be made available after backprop. This attribute is not propagated through any operations. It implicates the backprop requirement.

  • Backprop requirement indicates that the gradient should be propagated through the array during backprop. This attribute is propagated through differentiable operations.

require_grad() sets the gradient requirement flag. If you need to extract the gradient after backprop, you have to call require_grad() on the array even if the array is an intermediate result of differentiable computations.

Returns

self

Return type

ndarray

reshape(newshape)

Creates an array with a new shape and the same data.

See chainerx.reshape() for the full documentation.

set_grad(grad)

Sets a gradient to the array.

This method overwrites the gradient with a given array.

Parameters

grad (ndarray) – New gradient array.

squeeze(axis=None)

Removes size-one axes from an array.

See chainerx.squeeze() for the full documentation.

sum(axis=None, keepdims=False)

Returns the sum of an array along given axes.

See chainerx.sum() for the full documentation.

swapaxes(axis1, axis2)

Interchange two axes of an array..

See chainerx.swapaxes() for the full documentation.

take(indices, axis)

Takes elements from the array along an axis.

See chainerx.take() for the full documentation.

to_device(device, index=None)

Transfers the array to the specified device.

Parameters
  • device (Device or str) – Device to which the array is transferred, or a backend name. If it is a backend name, index should also be specified.

  • index (int) – Index of the device for the backend specified by device.

Returns

An array on the target device. If the original array is already on the device, it is a view of that. Otherwise, it is a copy of the array on the target device.

Return type

ndarray

tolist()
transpose(axes=None)

Creates a view of an array with permutated axes.

See chainerx.transpose() for the full documentation.

var()
view()

Returns a view of the array.

The returned array shares the underlying buffer, though it has a different identity as a Python object.

__eq__(other)

Computes x == y elementwise.

__ne__(other)

Computes x != y elementwise.

__lt__(other)

Computes x < y elementwise.

__le__(other)

Computes x <= y elementwise.

__gt__(other)

Computes x > y elementwise.

__ge__(other)

Computes x >= y elementwise.

__bool__()

Casts a size-one array into a bool value.

__neg__()

Computes -x elementwise.

__abs__()
__add__(other)

Computes x + y elementwise.

__radd__(other)

Computes y + x elementwise.

__sub__(other)

Computes x - y elementwise.

__rsub__(other)

Computes y - x elementwise.

__mul__(other)

Computes x * y elementwise.

__rmul__(other)

Computes y * x elementwise.

__truediv__(other)

Computes x / y elementwise.

__rtruediv__()
__floordiv__()
__rfloordiv__()
__pow__()
__rpow__()

Attributes

T

Shape-reversed view of the array.

New array is created at every access to this property. x.T is just a shorthand of x.transpose().

Type

ndarray

data_ptr

Address of the underlying memory allocation.

The meaning of the address is device-dependent.

Type

int

data_size

Total size of the underlying memory allocation.

Type

int

device

Device on which the data exists.

Type

Device

dtype

Data type of the array.

grad

Gradient held by the array.

It is None if the gradient is not available. Setter of this property overwrites the gradient.

Type

ndarray

is_contiguous

True iff the array is stored in the C-contiguous order.

Type

bool

itemsize

Size of each element in bytes.

Type

int

nbytes

Total size of all elements in bytes.

It does not count skips between elements.

Type

int

ndim

Number of dimensions.

Type

int

offset

Offset of the first element from the memory allocation in bytes.

Type

int

shape

Lengths of axes.

Note

Currently, this property does not support setter.

Type

tuple of int

size

Number of elements in the array.

Type

int

strides

Strides of axes in bytes.

Type

tuple of int